One Path, Two Struggles: Understanding the Diverse Journeys of Disability

By Srijana Kattel
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Disability is far from a singular experience. While some individuals are born with a disability, others acquire it later in life. Although the practical challenges of living with a disability are often shared, the emotional and psychological journeys toward self-acceptance frequently differ significantly.

For individuals born with a disability (congenital disability), life without it has never been known. Their identity, self-image, and coping mechanisms develop alongside their condition. They often adjust more naturally to their environments, precisely because a life with disability is all they have ever experienced. Their resilience and self-advocacy typically build from childhood.

In stark contrast, the journey of someone with an acquired disability can be profoundly different. One day, they might have been “abled,” independent, and active, perhaps with a clear vision for their future. Then, everything changes. The loss extends beyond the physical realm; it is a deep psychological shift, initiating a grieving process for the life they once lived. Many struggle with denial, shame, or isolation, and acceptance often comes painstakingly slowly.

The core distinction lies in the relationship with loss. For the person born with a disability, there may be no “before” to long for. However, for someone with an acquired disability, memory becomes both a source of pain and, eventually, a wellspring of resilience.

While it might be comforting to believe that all people with disabilities are the same and should be treated identically, the reality is far more complex. There are fundamental differences between congenital and acquired disabilities—differences in how individuals perceive themselves, relate to others, and engage with society. These are not always easy truths, but they are essential to acknowledge. People with congenital and acquired disabilities often view the world through distinct lenses, shaped by their unique life histories.

Despite these internal differences, both groups must confront the same societal barriers: stigma, inaccessibility, and exclusion. Understanding their divergent paths helps us become more effective allies. Recognizing these distinctions is not about dividing people; rather, it is about fostering greater empathy and promoting a more inclusive society.